Everything about The Clemmensen Reduction totally explained
The
Clemmensen reduction is a
chemical reaction described as a
reduction of
ketones (or
aldehydes) to
alkanes using
zinc amalgam and
hydrochloric acid. This reaction is named after
Erik Christian Clemmensen, a Danish chemist.
Several reviews have been published.
The Clemmensen reduction is particularly effective at reducing
aryl-
alkyl ketones. With
aliphatic or acyclic ketones,
zinc metal reduction is much more effective.
The substrate must be stable in the strongly acidic conditions of the Clemmensen reduction. Acid sensitive substrates should be reacted in the
Wolff-Kishner reduction, which utilizes strongly basic conditions.
As a result of Clemmensen Reduction, the carbon of the carbonyl group involved is converted from sp
2 hybridisation to sp
3 hybridisation. The oxygen atom is lost in the form of one molecule of water.
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